Taiwan’s integrated circuit (IC) design industry ranks second worldwide, trailing only the US. However, in recent years, Taiwan’s position has become increasingly precarious due to rapid advancements by China. The National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) believes that focusing on two main pillars—advanced chip breakthrough technologies and heterogeneous integration industry drive—while concentrating on key R&D of high-computing power, high-power, high-frequency, and high-energy-efficiency (4H) chips could help Taiwan maintain a lead over China for approximately five more years.