Chinese foreign interference in the Netherlands’ strategic industries should be treated as a systemic, long-term threat rather than a series of isolated incidents, according to “Beyond Borders,” a report published under the China Knowledge Network (CKN) and written by analysts at the Hague Centre for Strategic Studies (HCSS). The study warns that while individual acts of espionage, coercion, or influence may look manageable on their own, their aggregate effect risks eroding the Netherlands’ technological edge, economic independence, and strategic autonomy.