Since 2020, when TSMC began its overseas manufacturing buildout, the company has tracked financial results at its foreign subsidiaries across the first half of 2025, full-year 2025, and the first half of 2026. The Arizona fab, long seen as difficult to make profitable, has expanded sharply, while Japan’s JASM has turned from loss to profit, China operations have remained stable, and Germany’s ESMC is still in the red as it remains under construction.