Driven by the rapid shift toward automotive electronics and electrification, Europe moved earlier than the United States to localize lithium battery production. Yet the region’s ambitions have been sharply scaled back. Plans unveiled in 2023 projected battery manufacturing capacity of roughly 2,000 gigawatt-hours by 2030, but current estimates have been revised down to about 1,200 gigawatt-hours, effectively cutting the original blueprint nearly in half.