Taiwan’s bid to challenge global telecom incumbents with 5G Open RAN (O-RAN) is faltering, as network outages in automated factories undermine trust and local vendors struggle to monetize investments. Once championed as a bridge for Taiwan’s IT sector to break into communications technology and loosen the grip of Nokia, Ericsson, and Siemens, O-RAN’s commercial promise is now in doubt. Industry leaders and analysts see the emerging concept of AI-RAN as the sector’s potential reset.