Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix dominate the global memory chip market, but their weaker position in automotive memory is drawing new scrutiny as AI data centers absorb more DRAM and NAND supply.

SpaceX’s IPO prospectus details an early-stage “Terafab” initiative to build large-scale AI chip manufacturing capacity. Still, the company warns of significant execution uncertainty, unfinalized partnerships, and capital intensity risks. The plan, still in preliminary form, depends on future agreements and could face delays, cost overruns, and supply-chain constraints.

The building where Saeed Amidi runs his global venture empire was once one of the most important semiconductor facilities on the West Coast. Philips Electronics operated a fabrication plant here in Sunnyvale, California, employing 8,000 people at its peak. Then, like much of America’s chip manufacturing base, it moved to Asia — to Taiwan, to Korea, to the supply chains that would come to define the global electronics industry for the next three decades.