Surging electricity demand driven by artificial intelligence, combined with growing public backlash against data center developments, is elevating energy developers into the new powerbrokers of the AI economy. Beyond maximizing land value through grid access, some energy-rich operators are moving up the technology value chain and could become direct purchasers of IT equipment.

While ASML executives explore how to scale extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography output beyond 110 units by 2028, China is pursuing indigenous advanced lithography systems. ASML plans to produce at least 80 EUV tools in 2027 and is investigating a further capacity increase of approximately 30% in 2028 to satisfy massive global capital expenditure in artificial intelligence (AI) infrastructure. However, the prospect of domestic Chinese tools raises long-term uncertainty over the lithography landscape.

Biren Technology is preparing its next-generation GPU for mass production, advancing a domestic AI accelerator roadmap built around broader low-precision support and locally available manufacturing.